Hip and knee surgeries are among the most common orthopedic procedures performed worldwide. They often become necessary due to various conditions that cause pain, limit mobility, and affect the quality of life. Understanding these conditions can provide insight into when surgical intervention may be required. This blog explores the common conditions leading to hip and knee surgery, with valuable insights from renowned orthopedic surgeon Dr. Shohab Hyder Shaikh.
1. Osteoarthritis
Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the leading causes of hip and knee surgeries, particularly in older adults. This degenerative joint disease occurs when the cartilage that cushions the joints wears down over time, leading to pain, stiffness, and swelling. As the condition progresses, it can significantly limit a person’s ability to perform daily activities.
Symptoms of Osteoarthritis:
- Persistent joint pain
- Stiffness, especially in the morning or after sitting
- Swelling and tenderness around the joint
- Reduced range of motion
When to Consider Surgery: Dr. Shohab Hyder Shaikh emphasizes that surgery may be recommended when conservative treatments—such as physical therapy, medication, and lifestyle changes—fail to provide relief. Common surgical options for OA include arthroscopy, osteotomy, and total joint replacement.
2. Rheumatoid Arthritis
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune condition that affects the lining of the joints, causing inflammation, pain, and eventual joint damage. Unlike osteoarthritis, which is primarily a wear-and-tear condition, RA is systemic and can affect other organs in the body.
Symptoms of Rheumatoid Arthritis:
- Joint pain and swelling, often in a symmetrical pattern
- Morning stiffness lasting more than 30 minutes
- Fatigue and general malaise
- Nodal bumps under the skin (rheumatoid nodules)
When to Consider Surgery: According to Dr. Shohab Hyder Shaikh, surgery may be necessary for patients with severe joint damage who do not respond adequately to medications. Surgical options may include synovectomy (removal of the inflamed joint lining) or total joint replacement.
3. Fractures
Fractures of the hip or knee often result from falls, accidents, or high-impact sports. While some fractures can heal with conservative treatment, others, particularly those involving the hip joint or certain types of knee fractures, may require surgical intervention to ensure proper alignment and stability.
Symptoms of Fractures:
- Severe pain at the injury site
- Swelling and bruising
- Inability to bear weight on the affected leg
- Deformity in the joint or limb
When to Consider Surgery: Dr. Shohab Hyder Shaikh explains that surgery is typically required for displaced fractures or those that do not respond to non-surgical treatments. Surgical options may include the use of plates, screws, or joint replacement, depending on the fracture type and severity.
4. Bursitis
Bursitis is the inflammation of the bursae, small fluid-filled sacs that cushion the joints. In the hip and knee, bursitis can result from repetitive motions, prolonged pressure, or underlying conditions such as arthritis.
Symptoms of Bursitis:
- Localized pain and swelling
- Tenderness around the joint
- Pain that worsens with activity or movement
When to Consider Surgery: Dr. Shohab Hyder Shaikh points out that while most cases of bursitis can be managed with rest, ice, and anti-inflammatory medications, chronic cases may require surgery to remove the inflamed bursa.
5. Tendon Injuries
Tendon injuries, including tears and tendinitis, can significantly affect hip and knee function. The quadriceps and hamstring tendons in the knee and the iliotibial band in the hip are often affected in athletes or active individuals.
Symptoms of Tendon Injuries:
- Pain and swelling in the affected area
- Limited range of motion
- Difficulty performing specific movements, such as squatting or climbing stairs
When to Consider Surgery: Dr. Shohab Hyder Shaikh advises that surgery may be warranted for complete tendon tears or when conservative treatments do not lead to recovery. Surgical options may include tendon repair or reconstruction.
6. Labral Tears
In the hip, the labrum is a cartilage ring that provides stability and cushioning. Labral tears can occur due to trauma or degenerative changes and are often associated with hip impingement.
Symptoms of Labral Tears:
- Deep hip pain, especially during activity
- Clicking or locking sensation in the joint
- Stiffness and reduced range of motion
When to Consider Surgery: Surgery is typically recommended for persistent symptoms that do not improve with conservative measures. Dr. Shohab Hyder Shaikh may perform arthroscopic surgery to repair or remove the damaged labrum.
7. Osteonecrosis
Osteonecrosis, or avascular necrosis, occurs when blood flow to the hip or knee joint is interrupted, leading to bone death. This condition can be caused by trauma, certain medications, or excessive alcohol use.
Symptoms of Osteonecrosis:
- Gradual onset of joint pain
- Pain that worsens with activity and improves with rest
- Limited mobility in the affected joint
When to Consider Surgery: If diagnosed early, non-surgical treatments may help manage osteonecrosis. However, if the condition progresses, Dr. Shohab Hyder Shaikh may recommend surgery, which could include joint resurfacing or total joint replacement.
Conclusion
Hip and knee surgeries are essential for addressing various orthopedic conditions that can significantly impact one’s quality of life. Conditions such as osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, fractures, and tendon injuries are common causes leading to surgical intervention. Insights from orthopedic surgeon Dr. Shohab Hyder Shaikh highlight the importance of timely diagnosis and treatment to prevent further joint damage.
If you or someone you know is experiencing symptoms related to these conditions, consulting with an orthopedic specialist is crucial. Early intervention can lead to more successful outcomes and a quicker return to an active lifestyle. Remember, understanding your condition and exploring all available treatment options is vital in your journey toward recovery.